The final trading week in November was decisively positive for US equities; in fact on Thursday the Dow achieved its 5th 1,000 point milestone by crossing the round number of 24,000 and was led by financials and transportation companies in what is ordinarily a signal of fundamental economic strength. The Dow actually concluded up +2.9% on the week (with financials up +5.2%!) while the S&P500 managed a weekly gain of +1.5%. It was noteworthy however that the technology sector, which has been the far and away leader throughout 2017, surrendered -2% and causing the Nasdaq to slip -0.6% during the week. In that vein, it would seem as we enter the final month of the year that some of the most swiftly appreciating names and areas of the market are taking a breather while others play catch-up. Fortunately, some of these areas most notably participating in recent days are those that tend to be thought of as more cyclically sensitive. Is this the start of a broader thematic shift, or just an overdue catch-up in participation by areas of the market that would seem to benefit most from the passage of tax reform making its way through Congress (more on that in a moment)?

From an economic perspective, the synchronized global growth theme seems to remain in good health judging from recent data points. To this end, the Citi global surprise index made a new high, and the Baltic Dry shipping index with the price of industrial commodities such as iron ore also made upside breakouts. In the US, stronger data included an upward estimate to 3Q GDP, rising oil rig count, vehicle production, consumer confidence (now approaching a record-high), and a concert of stronger home-related data. This is all while inflation related measures continue to remain a non-problem. In fact, so much of the data recently seems to be coming in favorably, that the narrative surrounding the market performance YTD is beginning to attract some irrational exuberance type labels (a term used to describe the markets by then Fed Chair Alan Greenspan in 1996 when the tech bubble was building). Indeed, there are some signs that some market participants are getting a bit euphoric and chasing or piling into what would seem to be some of the most risky areas. [Bitcoin for instance; without veering too far off-track, the appreciation of cryptocurrencies is making a number of prior bubbles that preceded their historic crashes look benign by comparison and that is to say nothing of the challenges we have with trying to understand the fundamental case behind the trade at any price level. Bubbles like Bitcoin can of course persist longer than reason suggests they should; precisely what makes them so alluring and risky] Interestingly, Greenspan first referenced the famous irrational exuberance term in 1996, a good 3 years before the high-flying technology sector and broader market experienced its day of reckoning.

As we enter the final month of 2017, a review of how far the markets have come is encouraging. Improving economic fundamentals seem to have delivered upon what the market was anticipating or suggesting when it began the current move higher back nearly 23 months ago. Now, what seems to be a rising probability of success with respect to Congress delivering tax reform (particularly at the corporate level), has the potential to add fresh fuel to the tank in terms of helping companies boost earnings margins and further lift confidence. At the same time however, it is the same virtually uninterrupted walk higher that has many investors growing concerned. YTD, the largest peak-to-trough decline is just -3%; that is the 2nd narrowest giveback from January to December in at least 70 years according to market research group Strategas. That alone suggests volatility will go higher from its current levels of tranquility; and volatility is historically inversely correlated to the price direction of equities. But before getting too spooked, it is worth noting that history offers that gains are still probable in the following 12 months; the pace of those gains however slowed and a much wider range of outcomes was possible. Bluntly stated, the probability of some form of corrective price action in 2018 appears high even if the longer-term theme of upward economic momentum remains intact as we think it can. Such an interruption might likely occur because inflation should pop up from its current non-visible state at some point, causing participants to fear a quick shift to a less accommodating monetary policy mix. In the near-term however, the final month of 2017 seems set to push higher.

US financial markets saw riskier assets, those including equities and lower quality corporate bonds, come under pressure at the start of last week as the utopian backdrop of low inflation, real interest rates, and economic volatility were all put into question following two key data points (CPI and PPI). These better readings, amplified by a new Federal Reserve chairman and board changes and the relative uptick to uncertainty that creates, raised concerns that monetary policy will become less accommodative. In fact, while the daily index moves were all mild in absolute terms, Wednesday (the worst of the 3) was actually the 13th worst day of 2017 with the S&P500 slipping of -0.53%. But in what has become a familiar pattern, the buy-any-dip mentality again held true when on Thursday the index sprung back with its 13th best day of the year (a rebound of +0.85%). All told, major US indexes concluded the week roughly where they entered it with the S&P off just -0.1%. And, with the Thanksgiving holiday now almost upon us, historical seasonality provides the expectation by many that smooth sailing and favorable returns should persist through year-end.

From an economic standpoint, recent data remains supportive of the view that global economic growth is stable to improving both through year-end and into 2018. This includes the prospects for both developed and developing economies. This theme of better economic activity is most likely the reason behind why we observe commodity prices (including oil, copper, industrial materials) moved noticeably higher in recent months as well. Also evident is that the global supply of money in recent years is massive; it seems to be manifesting itself in the form of major corporate deals; new plans for investment in plant, property, and equipment (cap-ex); and even flowing into high-ticket luxury items as evident through the record-shattering transaction price for a famed DaVinci painting last week. Clearly all the cash needs somewhere to land. With so much money sloshing around and economic readings looking increasingly favorable, the biggest near-term concerns seem to revert back to the evolving shape of the still-positive yield curve which has flattened significantly year-to-date and did so again last week. An inverted yield curve (where short-rates exceed longer-dated yields) has signaled economic recession would be coming; but on average the signal was some 5 quarters before the economy turned lower.

As investors and economists begin to look into 2018, the focus is on the potential for above-trend growth, a lower unemployment rate, and increasing inflation & wage pressures. Those themes while all short-term favorable from a consumption perspective, have the potential to be less supportive to corporate profit margins (if you are paying more for material inputs and labor, profits decline all-else equal). That is not to suggest these themes would not run for quite a while before the corporate earnings actually decline. So what permits this economic and market cycle to continue? Enter corporate tax reform. A lower, flatter corporate rate would seem to offer a quick boost to the level of corporate earnings which remain a key input to stock prices and valuation. That is why tax reform is such a big deal. But, after what seems like years and years of dysfunction from Washington and inability to work together, most remain pessimistic that anything meaningful or worthy of the word reform will be enacted. This remains the sentiment even as congress seems to be making faster than expected progress. But aside from that important theme, it will be interesting to watch activity around this holiday season. Historically, holiday retail sales directly benefited from strong financial markets as individuals feel wealthier and more generous. At the same time however, Amazon has created such disruption for traditional retailers that the number of companies benefiting from holiday shopping seems to be narrowing. In fact, an ETF was recently introduced aiming to capitalize on idea; owning Amazon and selling short more traditional retailers who have already seen their share prices severely punished this year. But has this winner-take-all view become too consensus (does the creation of such a product support that argument)? That may be the most interesting narrative over the coming few months in what seems like a year in which the wind is at the back of consumers and holiday spending.

Meantime, we want to take express our gratitude for each of our clients and the ongoing opportunity to work on their behalf. We pray you enjoy safe travels and a wonderful Thanksgiving this week.

After 8 consecutive positive weeks for the S&P, the index suffered its first weekly loss since early September. Make no mistake however, the -0.2% giveback for the S&P500 and Nasdaq on the week was anything but panicky (Dow off -0.5%) and probably does little to change the broad perception that markets have not experienced any meaningful pause in 2017 and are long overdue for a setback. But could volatility and some heightened pressure be developing? Credit markets, specifically high yield spreads, seemed to awaken a bit last week in what has otherwise been a sleepy year of flat-line activity. Often, widening high yield spreads lead observable hiccups in equity markets. At the same time, the yield curve continues to flatten; it is not yet inverted (worrisome signal), but is worth watching closely as it has never provided a false positive signal preceding economic recession by an average of 5 quarters.

With that said, data continues to support the theme that the US economy and the vast majority around the world are soundly growing and not yet experiencing much inflation. It seems that creating inflation is extraordinarily difficult in a world where large technology companies are disrupting so many industries (ie Amazon and retail, pharmacy, grocery, etc). This explanation is particularly sound when noting that the 4-week average of US unemployment claims declined to a 44 year low last week (persistently low unemployment should be the starting point for inflation via upward wage pressure). At the same time, areas like Japan and Europe which have only managed to see short spurts of better economic activity for much of the post-financial crisis period are continuing to enjoy a strong activity in 2017. Nominal retail sales in the Eurozone are up 5% over last year and China is reporting metrics indicative of robust activity. These readings support the theme that more favorable economic activity is not just a US story, but rather synchronized across the globe. Still, it is noteworthy that corporate profits in the US for 3Q are +7% higher than their year-ago levels and 4Q estimates project high-single to low double-digit year over year gains; that is particularly relevant when considering there has never been an economic recession when corporate earnings are buoyant.

While underlying fundamentals continue to support the idea that more time remains this economic cycle despite its longer-than-average age, a key theme with sentiment heightened (hard to see consumer sentiment move much higher increasing the prospects for short-run disappointment) is the urgency for the US economy to break out of its sub-par trajectory. Yes, 3Q GDP (nominal) was quite respectable and a needed start; better earnings and nominal GDP gains are the hard data that many were looking for to support confidence-related readings evident around the end of last year. But valuations are still above historical average creating the sense that the market is quite vulnerable to shocks. When that is true, there are a number of mistakes that can be made by policymakers that quickly erode confidence. For example, a Fed that moves too quickly even in the absence of inflation or bubbles can choke off the access to capital and spook markets (yield curve inverts). Alternatively, failure to pass corporate tax reform could also hurt small business confidence and impair the ability to further grow corporate earnings. Make no mistake, in talking with most it would seem that few expect Congress and actually agree on reform. If they can defy the pessimism on that front, it would seem a number of sectors are due for a quick upward adjustment. Amid what should be rising wage pressure, corporate tax reform may likely be the missing key ingredient to boosting real and nominal growth from this point in an already long cycle.

With October nearing conclusion, US equities indexes extended their streak without so much as even a 5% pullback to near 350 trading days! In fact, at times it feels as if upward momentum is accelerating if one views the absolute level of indexes in isolation (ie Dow over 23,000; S&P500 nearing 2,600) and new highs occurring regularly. But last week, equities generally struggled for direction amid slightly higher volatility; it was by the pull of several mega-cap tech stocks that powered the car with their reported 3Q earnings solidly beating street expectations (Amazon rose by more than +13% Friday). While the S&P500 index for example closed last week at a level of 2,581, adding a tepid 0.2%, the tech-heavy Nasdaq bounded by +1.1% and is now up +3.8% over last month. Yet if one reviews the equal weight variant of the S&P index (instead of by market size), the constituents actually posted a -0.58% loss last week. Small size companies as measured by the Russell 2000 slipped -0.1%.

From an economic perspective, the story of an accelerating economy globally continues to be supported. Most notable was the preliminary estimate of 3Q GDP, which showed the economy expanding at an annualized rate of 3% when backing out the effects of inflation (2.2%); it means the US economy is running at a level 5% higher than a year ago in absolute terms. That is quite respectable considering the 3Q period included two nasty hurricanes that likely softened activity in the short-run. China reported that its GDP was 11% higher over a year ago in the 3Q. Commodities and bond yields seemed to confirm the improving growth theme, with Brent crude rising above $60 per barrel and US treasuries managing to climb above 2.4% (often a gauge of economic growth and inflation expectations). The odds of tax reform also seem to be improving as Congress is settling upon budgets and broad terms of what a revised tax system might look like. As we monitor the landscape this week, the economic conditions increasingly support a Fed and global monetary authorities continuing to normalize interest rates. Will the new Fed chair expected to be named this week, be viewed as a continuation of Janet Yellen and her cautious well communicated approach (Jay Powell, frontrunner is expected to be); or will a more hawkish contender emerge victorious from Trump consideration and upset investors who still ponder if the economy can stand without extraordinary monetary accommodation.

As we interact with clients, two question regularly recur: how much longer and farther can this bull market run? And, if tax reform does not occur the markets appear due for a pretty sharp setback. In response to those themes, we remain highly cognizant of how long its been without even a modest market pullback. One seems overdue. But with economic fundamentals and corporate earnings continuing to surprise on the upside, short-term weakness so far is being met quickly with buying from those who remain under-invested. Secondly, it is our perspective that the market performance throughout most of 2017 is actually not being driven by the expectation of meaningful tax reform. In fact, the sectors of the market that stand to benefit the most from the proposed tax framework, are actually faring the worst YTD suggesting that investors do not believe it will occur. That presents opportunity for the market to advance further if tax reform can lend a boost to reported corporate earnings and create a fresh stimulant to business confidence and optimism. To the extent that economic metrics continue to support the view that the global landscape continues to accelerate, and that monetary policy remains cautious and accommodative, the fuel remains for this market and economic cycle to extend much further against the concerns of skeptics.

US equities, as viewed through the lens of the S&P500, added another +86 bps last week bringing month-to-date performance to +2.3%. If US equities are roughly flat or better through the balance of the month, October will conclude as the second strongest month this year. That is a noteworthy accomplishment when considering that US equities are now up more than +15% YTD and there are unsurprisingly a number of other very strong monthly advances already on the books, not to mention that September and October have often proved troublesome. In fact, last week was the 30th anniversary of the stock market crash in 1987 referred to as Black Monday, wherein the stock market plummeted more than 30% in just two trading days.

Historical seasonal context aside, from an economic perspective, the market action (rise) last week makes sense when built on the theme of synchronized global acceleration. The market did briefly take note of some elevated geopolitical tensions mid-week; but globally conditions remain indicative of improvement. In the US, we are witnessing corporate surveys that continue to reflect upbeat business and consumer confidence; at the same time unemployment claims returned back to pre-hurricane levels more quickly than expected and manufacturing appears robust. Outside the US, indicators reveal the second largest economy in the world, China, is again growing very rapidly; that provides a tailwind to global demand. Sales are also running at an attractive pace in Europe, and leaders in Japan responsible for the pro-growth economic reforms of recent years were affirmed through a snap-election that essentially keeps the green light lit on Abenomics priorities. Of added bonus, US investors also received the headline US tax reform actually occurring might be better amid congress making swift and encouraging progress on budget-related items and a tax framework are advancing. Of course tax reform remains highly uncertain and final efforts are likely to remain highly partisan (making almost any supporter defections potentially catastrophic to passage), but early indications suggest the probability for meaningful reform is much higher than investors broadly believe.

As encouraging as this extended period of favorable market appreciation and low volatility is, it is hard not to ponder how investors and markets might be getting at least somewhat complacent. Severe down-days are virtually non-existent over the last 20 months and the market has now gone more than 340 trading days without a correction of 5% or more. Of course we are not rooting against continued advance, but we suspect the perception of calm amid ongoing worry might actually result in outsized negative reaction if/when any unforeseen shocks present themselves to the system. Investors are becoming conditioned to markets that seemingly only go up and pullbacks that are promptly viewed as benign entry points. Economic data continues to support the view that the economy is on sound expansionary footing with risk of near-term recession highly remote, but monetary policy here in the US as well as in Europe looks increasingly likely to continue tightening and prone to departing from the very cautious pursuit of normalization that characterizes this cycle. Here in the US, the yield curve is now the flattest it has been since 2009; without an uptick in inflation expectations and/or economic growth, it looks set to flatten further. This is significant in that many believe the yield curve (if inverted) has been the most reliable forward indicator of market turbulence and warning of recession. We remain watchful of how the yield curve will evolve from here; we expect the current cycle still has more fuel in the tank amid short-term money costs still reside firmly below that of expected inflation (a condition indicative of still easy money). But a change in the composition of the Fed or liquidity abroad, has the potential to restrict monetary policy beyond what the economy can support, ushering in the end of this economic and market cycle.

Domestic markets managed to broadly rise in the week ending on spooky Friday the 13th with the S&P500 notching progress of +0.2%; so far in October the benchmark is up nearly +1.4% on top of what was a strong 3Q and another quarterly earnings season now upon us. US financial markets are now moving into the portion of the calendar where performance is often most favorable, and out of the season where it historically is weakest. This poses an interesting question: can the recent pace enjoyed over virtually all of 2017 continue or get even better over 4Q and 1Q, or was the seasonal benefit pulled forward to a degree that year-end will be uninspiring?

From an economic perspective and recent soft headline from the hurricane-influenced September employment report aside, data continues to support the view that the Fed will hike short-term interest rates one more time before 2017 sunsets. The strongest of themes is that we are witnessing synchronized global growth and that it seems to be accelerating. Surveys of US companies reflect continued supportive sentiment; industrial production in Germany surged +4.5% over the year-ago level while Taiwan exports and Japan machine tool orders accelerated 21% and +46% from same periods last year, respectively. The MSCI world reflects an +18% increase in the trailing 12 months. Those are crazy big numbers when thinking about economic activity occurring around the globe and go at least some distance toward explaining how the market continues to advance despite persistent negative and worrisome media headlines and providing a valid justification for why valuations appear at the higher-end of their historical ranges. But what these numbers also suggest is that inflation may be spooling up to quickly rise. And indeed, wages (a key ingredient to broad-based price pressure) appear to finally be showing a more meaningful increase via the Atlanta Fed wage tracker.

With commodity prices rising (attributable at least in part to rebuilding efforts following recent catastrophic weather) and wage-data also suggesting upward bias, inflation may be transitioning from sub-target to more concerning. This comes just as the term on current Fed chairwoman Janet Yellen looks set to end and the possibility of a more hawkish replacement is not remote. To the extent that price pressure rises too swiftly, the Fed would likely adjust its very metered rate normalization process into something more robust than markets have seen in over a decade. Hastening wage pressure would also put downward bias on corporate profit margins. Both of these factors would start the clock on how much longer the current business and market cycle can endure before a short-circuit occurs. As noted frequently, we believe there is more time this cycle and pent-up demand persists; but the long age of this bull market and economic expansion, coupled with what seems to be a growing complacency or calm over the markets has us on the watch for the streak without a correction to come to an end. The market has now went more than 335 trading days without so much as even a 5% correction; a long period of tranquility by most any measure. At the same time, a recent survey of the most bearish investors shows that even they are throwing in the towel on waiting for a meaningful pullback, which in itself may be one of the most troubling aspects of this current backdrop. A lack of bearishness, even in the absence of euphoria, suggests that market expectations may be too high and ripe for short-run disappointment.

Despite what going in appeared to be a brewing cocktail of worries for investors set against a backdrop of above-average valuations and historic-low volatility, September 2017 will be one for the history books. It concluded as the least volatile September in 66 years. The month also saw the S&P log its 41st record high of the year (10 of which occurred during September alone). These amazing highlights stand in stark contrast to what is historically an average loss of -0.5% during the month of September AND the seemingly stacked worries of straining North Korea relations, destructive hurricanes clobbering the south, and ongoing Washington dysfunction including a looming debt ceiling and Federal budget resolution to name the most obvious. The point of all this however comes back to a question theme we increasingly hear from clients and financial colleagues alike: how is the market managing to seemingly ignore and become detached from what appears to be an anything-but-rosy rosy backdrop?

The question is valid; but perhaps misses the other side of the story. Admittedly, the headlines over the last 18 months have been nothing shy of discouraging and full of worry-worthy potential. But they are also detached from what is supposed to drive asset prices over time: fundamentals. In that regard, it needs to be acknowledged how much is actually going right. One research group recently adopted the phrase that while the US growth backdrop is certainly not the strongest in memory, it is one of the clearest in terms of the supporting message and direction. This includes that global growth has become synchronized, inflation is restrained, monetary policies remain stimulative, deregulation is a focus, consumer net worth is markedly rising, credit spreads remain accommodative of corporate America, a weakening US dollar is helping companies with foreign sales, and tax cuts are still possible. All of these should probably be viewed as at least partly responsible for why the market manages to continue establishing new highs even as monetary policy looks destined to continue normalizing and tightening at what is intended to be a boring pace. Worth noting: 3Q dividends were up +8.4% over last year; its often been said that profits are an opinion, but dividends are a fact and in this regard it seems most logical that financial markets are continuing to rise and business confidence supportive.

Listing the fundamental reasons for why the economic and fundamental picture is not to suggest that risks do not exist. But it also continues to be the case that perhaps the best reason to be bearish is there is no reason to be bearish. Also, while historical averages for both time and magnitude of market cycles are not on the side of this current market being able to continue (bull market is both longer and bigger than average) age alone does not have the power to change the fundamentals supporting it. Rather, some exogenous factor will ultimately be the cause for the current cycle ending. With an eye toward the 4Q, historical precedent suggests that as long as corporate earnings continue to advance, a recession is of low probability. And, the 4Q is often the strongest from a seasonal perspective, especially when September was positive. Taken together, while valuations feel high and a modest pullback called for by skeptics remains elusive and probably overdue, it would seem ones best bet is to remain disciplined and invested. Be on watch for our quarterly newsletter to publish on these pages and/or arrive in your inbox in the coming days. We hope you find it helpful.

As is always the case, the number of developments relevant to financial markets over the last two weeks was numerous. That said, the pace of change feels more robust than usual; perhaps this feeling is a normal awakening following what are often sleepy and low-volume summer seasons, but there is much to review. Headlines range from ongoing geopolitical issues (North Korea continuing to boil); US political drama (controversial tweeting) and another renewed stab at healthcare reform by republicans; to fresh news from the US Federal Reserve and the resulting microanalysis performed by market participants on projected interest rate path and withdraw of unprecedented monetary stimulus following the financial crisis 8 years ago. With all that occurring, US equities managed to drift upward and establish several new all-time highs in recent weeks. The end result for the major indexes last week was mixed however following some mild weakness to conclude the week; for the five days ending September 22, the tech-heavy Nasdaq slipped -0.1%, while the S&P and Dow managed to climb +0.1% and +0.4%, respectively. Noteworthy and in a departure for what has been the trend throughout much of the year, small-size and more economically sensitive segments of the market jumped higher, meaning a good portion of the market is actually enjoying better performance that the most cited indexes would otherwise indicate. Could it be that investor optimism is beginning to re-warm to the idea that tax reform might actually be possible from our policymakers in Washington? These exact areas are thought after all to be the biggest beneficiaries of a lower corporate tax rate compared to large companies which employ armies of legal and tax personnel and effectively navigate what is one of the most tax complex systems in the world to their benefit. This churning seemed evident in recent days. Following the debt limit deal by the President with Democrats, it would seem maybe something actually can get done in Washington?

From an economic perspective, we are seeing a more mixed bag compared to a month or two back. That makes commenting on any one fresh data point seem of little value. Normally this disconnected data might suggest the economy is beginning to reach an inflection point; yet we are cognizant that the heightened noisiness of data both in the last several weeks and for many to come is probably a result of distortion created by recent severe weather events endured by much of the southeastern US states. Such weather events historically have not surprisingly introduced significant noise into regular data series rendering them anything but signal. Internationally, the data remains more consistent with an improving backdrop, and the theme of a more synchronized and positive direction of growth globally coupled with benign inflation remains firmly intact. It is this data and historical context that continues to give investors room to remain optimistic that things even still have room to improve further. Typical signposts one might be mindful of for early warning signs of economic (and market) downturn are not yet presenting themselves. Specifically, wages still have significant room to accelerate relative to when they historically became problematic; annual GDP growth not yet achieving 3% after adjusting for inflation; capacity remains unconstrained as suggested by current productivity and labor force participation rates; and pent-up demand persists for housing.

As we move our way into the final week of the 3Q, perhaps what is most surprising (and puzzling to skeptics) continues to be the resiliency of the US stock market. Often, financial markets struggle during the middle to late summer section of the year. While we are not yet entirely out of the woods, this September is firmly positive as we write today. For most skeptics however, one of the most convincing and easy arguments provided for why we should expect a more meaningful pause or pullback rests solely on the amount of time it has been since we last experienced such a down-move. We often cite this as reason for caution too; while this bull market and recent 20 month rally are not unprecedented, periods as long are in fact rare. We remain open to the possibility that any number of catalysts could upset the recent trend. Obviously escalating friction between the world and North Korea seems capable of such in the very short-run; but the biggest intermediate- to long-term uncertainty in our minds really exists with the next chapter to be written by US Federal Reserve as they embark on a well-telegraphed journey to begun shrinking the size of their ballooned balance sheet. Once begun, it will not be easy to pull back from should data soften, reducing the Fed ability to be data-dependent. More importantly, how will financial markets respond to measures that should, all-else equal, result in a gradually rising cost of money? For the moment, synchronized and improving global growth can remain the offset, but consumer and business sentiment also remain important to that dynamic. 2017 continues to be encouraging, and a perfect example of how one cannot afford to wait for calming headlines to be a market participant; the market often marches to its own beat and will climb the wall of worries.

It was a busy, eventful week despite being shortened by the Labor Day holiday. Just a week after the destruction created by hurricane Harvey in Texas, another massive storm system was threatening virtually the entire state of Florida in what can only be thought of as a one-two punch for the US by mother nature following several years with relatively quiet hurricane seasons. If those storms were not enough, Mexico experienced its biggest earthquake in a century that also created widespread destruction in our neighboring country. Financial indexes including the S&P, Dow, and Nasdaq each logged declines of between -0.6% and -1.2% following a 2-week win streak as these weather-related events seemed to overshadow all else. The most notable non-weather item was the bi-partisan effort by the Trump administration and Democrats to approve a 3-month extension to the Federal debt limit and budget, while also tying the legislation to a hurricane relief package. The move was reported to draw anger from Republican congressional leaders, who were sidestepped by Trump based on recent infighting and what seems to be an inability to move legislative priorities forward.

From an economic perspective, weather-related events are introducing noise to what was previously a tone of global economic stability. Arguably the data series most likely to reveal impact from hurricanes is US employment-related, and indeed that is showing to be the case. Unemployment claims jumped higher last week, and would seem positioned to do the same again this week. Company sentiment is also tapering off a touch; but this pattern was well-documented in the lead-up and post-event numbers for similar impactful weather crises like Katrina. Often we are asked how destructive weather events like these will impact economic growth. Interesting is that while these events create significant destruction and loss, they usually do not meaningfully dampen broader economic activity; rather they shift how and where money is being spent (rebuilding) in the short-run.

With two significant political risks of the debt ceiling and Federal budget delayed for several months, other important questions come into focus. The near-term risk of a stalemate on Federal debt and/or government shutdown is resolved, but has that impacted the time frame for which meaningful tax reform might be able to occur? The worry is, did kicking the debate on debt limit down the road (just 3 short months) also push tax reform further out as well? As we have noted in recent weeks, markets have all but fully concluded that tax reform will not occur. Yet many small businesses and some market strategists continue to believe the chances remain higher. If that minority is correct, the market could enjoy a nice surge if/when reform and/or repatriation of foreign profits is successful, but the longer it takes the older this economic cycle becomes and potentially mutes some of the positive boost it would provide. As we enter a new week, markets appear to be taking some relief in early reports that hurricane Irma either eased or was less of a direct hit than originally feared and that damage is not as bad as it could have been. Most important of all, we are thankful to also hear from many clients and friends who were in close proximity to the severe weather events that they likewise are safe. We offer our heartfelt prayers for their continued safety and that the weeks and months of cleanup and rebuilding ahead can go smoothly as possible.

Despite what felt like one of the first bouts of increasing volatility amid sharply rising geopolitical risk and ongoing turmoil coming from inside Washington, US stock indexes managed to close out the month of August positive on both the S&P500 and Dow. One might consider it a major moral victory when reflecting all that went on during the month of August (Charlottesville, N. Korea, and most recently Hurricane Harvey to name a few). But a look below the surface suggests the broader stock market struggled more during the month than the most publicized indexes otherwise reveal. For example, Apple added +104.5 points to the level of the Dow during August, more than accounting for the 57 point gain achieved by the blue-chip index. Perhaps more easily observed, mid- and small-sized company stock barometers were decidedly lower on the month. Is this weak performance and relatively better experience by larger-sized companies indicative of the financial markets assigning low probability of meaningful tax reform occurring? The trend is persisting throughout much of 2017 and is seems logical to expect smaller companies are the biggest beneficiaries of regulatory and corporate tax reform bearing relatively larger burdens than large counterparts who have the means to employ tax strategists and legal experts to exploit loopholes inherent in the existing regime.

From an economic perspective, the big news last week with 2Q corporate earnings now concluded was the disappointing employment report for August. The data showed a noticeable decline in the number of new jobs added, an uptick in the unemployment rate, and a miss and downshift in the pace of wage growth. While the data is typically volatile during August each year and Hurricane Harvey likely began to influence the numbers (as it will for the coming months), it was a weak report. In that regard, the financial markets are increasing their odds that the Fed will be unable to justify any further hikes to interest rates in 2017 and perhaps through a good portion of 2018. This lower-for-longer interest rate view decreases the near-term odds that policymakers will short-circuit the current economic cycle via overtightening of financial conditions. Aside from the weak US employment data, other economic data points were mostly stronger for the week, continuing to support the view that the current economic expansion is global and on solid footing.

With the slow-trading and often more volatile month of August in the books without any noticeable effect, eyes turn toward September which is often cited as the weakest month of the year from a historical perspective. This September seems vulnerable to a very negative flow of news as well. As highlighted in these musings last week, there are just 12 short days following the Labor Day congressional recess for agreement to take place on the debt ceiling and budget. At the margin however, the unfortunate chaos being experienced by Texas residents probably serves as a positive unifying force toward agreement; no politician wants to be accused of shutting the government down when a highly public catastrophe requiring federal assistance just occurred. In that same regard, escalating stress around North Korea also unifies parties in the view that defense and financial stability are important. Still, in the words of Strategas Research Partners, we are likely to observe messy political spinach in the near-term before we can enjoy the candy of desirable corporate tax reform and foreign earnings repatriation. Obviously if we can digest the spinach, and move successfully to the candy, the markets could quickly enjoy a nice bump up. From a technical perspective, the market has enjoyed better than average gains in each of the months so far YTD; does that bode well or ill for the balance of the year? Said differently, can the pattern of better than normal gains continue, or have those gains pulled-forward full-year progress? It will certainly be an interesting conclusion to what is so far an attractive year.